- Industry: Education
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A trade agreement involving 21 nations of Eastern and Southern Africa. It went into effect in 1994, replacing a Preferential Trade Area that had begun in 1982, with the aim of forming a free trade area by 2000 and achieving other trade liberalization and transport facilitation over a period of 16 years.
Industry:Economy
A straight line that is tangent to two or more curves. Used in the Lerner diagram.
Industry:Economy
A set of consumer preferences, analogous to those of an individual as might be represented by a utility function, but representing the preferences of a group of consumers. The existence of well-behaved community preferences requires restrictive assumptions about individual preferences and/or incomes.
Industry:Economy
A demand curve constructed under the assumption that demander's income is not held constant, but rather is varied to hold level of utility at a constant level. The change in consumer surplus calculated from particular compensated demand curves measures compensating variation and equivalent variation.
Industry:Economy
An amount of money that just compensates a person, group, or whole economy, for the welfare effects of a change in the economy, thus providing a monetary measure of that change in welfare. Same as willingness to pay. Contrasts with equivalent variation.
Industry:Economy
1. The GATT principle that members who violate GATT rules must compensate other countries by lowering tariffs or making other concessions, or be subject to retaliation. 2. The actual or potential payment by the winners from a change in trade or other policy to the losers, intended to undo the harm to the latter. Actual compensation is rare, but the potential for compensation is used as the basis for most evaluations of the gains from trade.
Industry:Economy
1. Applied to a market or industry, this usually means perfectly competitive. Contrasts with imperfectly competitive. 2. Applied to a firm or the products of a country, this usually means having low price, high quality, or other characteristics that make it attractive to purchasers compared to products from other firms or countries. See competitiveness.
Industry:Economy
A market for a factor in which both suppliers and demanders are perfectly competitive, taking the factor price as given.
Industry:Economy
A measure of competitiveness, such as the Global Competitiveness Index.
Industry:Economy
1. Non-production of some of the goods that a country consumes, as in definition 2 of specialization. 2. Production only of goods that are exported or nontraded, but none that compete with imports. 3. Production of only one good. 4. Being the only country in the world to produce a good.
Industry:Economy
