- Industry: Oil & gas
- Number of terms: 8814
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Pertaining to sediments that have been compacted and cemented to the degree that they become coherent, relatively solid rock. Typical consequences of consolidation include an increase in density and acoustic velocity, and a decrease in porosity.
Industry:Oil & gas
Pertaining to seismic data whose wavelet is symmetrical about zero time. Deconvolution during seismic processing can convert data of mixed phase to zero-phase data, but is not always successful. Zero-phase data tend to provide sharper definition and less distortion between stratigraphic features in the subsurface, such as sand and shale layers.
Industry:Oil & gas
Pertaining to sediments or depositional environments on land or above the level of high tide.
Industry:Oil & gas
Pertaining to sediments or environments in seas or ocean waters, between the depth of low tide and the ocean bottom.
Industry:Oil & gas
Pertaining to phases that cannot mix to form a homogeneous mixture. Oil and water are immiscible fluids.
Industry:Oil & gas
Pertaining to particles of rock derived from the mechanical breakdown of preexisting rocks by weathering and erosion. Detrital fragments can be transported to recombine and, through the process of lithification, become sedimentary rocks. Detrital is usually used synonymously with clastic, although a few authors differentiate between weathering of particles, which forms detrital sediments, and mechanical breakage, which produces clastic sediments.
Industry:Oil & gas
Pertaining to one of three main classes of rocks (igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary). Igneous rocks crystallize from molten rock, or magma, with interlocking mineral crystals. Igneous rocks that crystallize slowly, typically below the surface of the Earth, are plutonic igneous rocks and have large crystals (large enough to see with the naked eye). Volcanic igneous rocks crystallize quickly at the Earth's surface and have small crystals (usually too small to see without magnification). Common examples include granite (plutonic) and rhyolite (volcanic), diorite (plutonic) and andesite (volcanic), and gabbro (plutonic) and basalt (volcanic). Igneous rocks typically comprise the minerals quartz, mica, feldspar, amphibole, pyroxene and olivine.
Industry:Oil & gas
Pertaining to minerals or rock fragments that formed in one location but were transported to another location and deposited. Clastic sediments in a rock such as sandstone are allogenic, or formed elsewhere.
Industry:Oil & gas
Pertaining to minerals or materials that grow in place with a rock, rather than having been transported and deposited. These include quartz, chlorite and other pore-filling minerals or cements that grow during diagenesis. Evaporite minerals are authigenic, or formed in situ.
Industry:Oil & gas
Pertaining to minerals or igneous rocks composed of minerals that are rich in iron and magnesium, dense, and typically dark in color. The term comes from the words magnesium and ferric. Common mafic minerals are olivine and pyroxene. Basalt is a mafic igneous rock. (Compare with felsic. )
Industry:Oil & gas
